40 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
40 lines
2.2 KiB
Markdown
# CNC Water Flow Controller
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A fail-safe water flow monitoring module designed to protect CNC spindles and laser cutter tubes. It reads impulses from a ZJ-S401 water flow sensor, displays the real-time flow rate on an I2C OLED display, and triggers an active-low alarm to the CNC controller if the flow drops below a user-defined threshold.
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Designed in **KiCad v9**.
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## Features
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* **Microcontroller:** WCH CH32V003J4M6 (RISC-V, SOP-8).
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* **Display:** 0.96" I2C OLED (SSD1315) with buttons.
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* **Adjustable Threshold:** 2-button interface (Up/Down) using an analog resistor ladder (ADC) to save MCU pins.
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* **Fail-Safe Output:** N-channel MOSFET (MMBT7002) acting as an open-drain output. It actively pulls the CNC input to GND during normal operation. If power fails, wires break, or water stops, the connection opens and triggers the CNC alarm.
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* **EMI Protection:** Hardware RC debouncing and noise filtering on the sensor input.
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## Hardware Design (KiCad)
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The project contains the schematic and PCB layout files.
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* **Power:** 5V DC Input from the CNC controller.
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* **Sensor Compatibility:** ZJ-S401 (or similar 5V Hall-effect flow sensors).
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* **Output:** Connects directly to standard CNC active-low sinking inputs (internal optocoupler).
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### CH32V003 Pin Mapping
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| Pin (SOP-8) | Name | Function |
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| :--- | :--- | :--- |
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| 1 | PC4 | Output: `ALARM_TRIGGER` (Drives MMBT7002 Gate) |
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| 2 | PD1 | SWIO (WCH-LinkE Programming) |
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| 3 | PC2 | I2C SCL (OLED Display) |
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| 4 | PC1 | I2C SDA (OLED Display) |
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| 5 | VDD | +5V Power |
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| 6 | VSS | Ground |
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| 7 | PA1 | Input: `FLOW_PULSE_MCU` (From Sensor via RC Filter) |
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| 8 | PA2 | ADC Input: `BUTTON_ADC` (2-Button Resistor Ladder) |
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## Firmware Logic (Overview)
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1. **Interrupts:** PA1 counts falling edges from the flow sensor. Flow (L/min) is calculated every second.
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2. **Failsafe:** If `Current_Flow >= Threshold`, PC4 is driven **HIGH** (MOSFET ON, CNC OK). If `Current_Flow < Threshold`, PC4 is driven **LOW** (MOSFET OFF, CNC Alarm).
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3. **UI:** ADC reads PA2 to detect button presses for adjusting the threshold.
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4. **Storage:** User-defined threshold is saved to MCU flash memory.
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## Development & Programming
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To flash the CH32V003, you will need a **WCH-LinkE** programmer connected to the 3-pin SWIO header (3V3/5V, SWIO, GND).
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