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Flow_Controller/scripts/gerber_to_pm4n.py
2026-06-08 08:50:54 +02:00

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#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
gerber_to_pm4n.py Anycubic Photon Mono 4 PCB exposure file generator
Usage:
python3 gerber_to_pm4n.py <dummy.pm4n> <board.gbr> [options]
Options:
-o OUTPUT Output file path [default: <board>.pm4n]
--invert Invert the image (for positive-working resist like Bungard standard)
--mirror Mirror X axis (for copper-side-down placement on FEP)
--exposure SEC Layer exposure time in seconds [default: 60]
--dpmm N Render resolution in dots/mm [default: 58.824, native 17µm/px]
--pos X,Y Place board at X,Y mm from top-left (default: centred on LCD)
Photon Mono 4 specs: 9024 × 5120 px | 153.408 × 87.040 mm | 17.001 µm/px
"""
import argparse
import struct
import sys
import io
from pathlib import Path
from PIL import Image, ImageOps
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Printer constants
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
LCD_W_PX = 9024
LCD_H_PX = 5120
LCD_W_MM = 153.408
LCD_H_MM = 87.040
NATIVE_DPMM = LCD_W_PX / LCD_W_MM # 58.824 dpmm (1 px ≈ 17.001 µm)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# pm4n / ANYCUBIC file format constants (reverse-engineered from Dummy.pm4n)
#
# File layout:
# 0x00 ANYCUBIC magic (8 bytes)
# 0x08 unknown u32 (0)
# 0x0C version u32 (0x00000206)
# 0x10 section_count u32 (5)
# 0x14 header_size u32 (0x40 = 64)
# 0x18 section table: 5 × (length:u32, offset:u32)
# entry 0: PREV preview images
# entry 1: LAYE layer definitions
# entry 2: MACH machine params
# entry 3: Mode layer image data (header + RLE blocks)
# entry 4: HEAD printer config
#
# Sections located by scanning for 4-byte tags from known offsets.
# Tags: HEAD(0x40), PREV(0xB0), LAYE(0x0126D4), MACH(0x0127F0), Mode(0x012974)
# Note: actual offsets vary per dummy file — we scan for tags.
#
# LAYE section layout (at its offset):
# +0x00 'LAYE' tag
# +0x04 'REDF' sub-tag
# +0x08 u32=0
# +0x0C u32 payload_size
# +0x10 u32 (AA level or mode)
# +0x14 u32 composite_image_offset (absolute file offset of block 0)
# +0x18 u32 image_block_size (size of EACH block, all identical)
# +0x1C layer entries begin (N entries × 32 bytes):
# +0x00 f32 bottom_exposure
# +0x04 f32 normal_exposure ← patched with --exposure value
# +0x08 f32 lift_mm
# +0x0C f32 layer_height
# +0x10 u32 unknown
# +0x14 u32 unknown
# +0x18 u32 image_data_offset (absolute file offset for this layer)
# +0x1C u32 image_data_size (patched when RLE size changes)
#
# Mode section layout:
# +0x00 'Model\0\0\0' tag (8 bytes)
# +0x04 u32 sub-header size (108)
# +0x08..+0x2B bounding box / Z params as floats
# +0x2C 'SUBIMGS\0\0\0\0\0' sub-tag (12 bytes)
# +0x38 u32 SUBIMGS table size
# +0x3C u32 layer_count (N)
# +0x40 u32 bytes_per_pixel (1)
# +0x44 u32 first_image_offset (= composite_image_offset, same as LAYE+0x14)
# +0x48 u32 first_image_size (= image_block_size, same as LAYE+0x18)
# +0x4C u32 unknown
# then N RLE image blocks follow (at offsets stored in LAYE entries)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
LAYE_TAG = b'LAYE'
MODE_TAG = b'Mode'
ENTRY_STRIDE = 0x20 # 32 bytes per layer entry in LAYE
LAYE_HDR_SIZE = 0x1C # bytes before first entry
def find_tag(data: bytes, tag: bytes, start: int = 0) -> int:
"""Return file offset of first occurrence of tag (exact 4-byte match at 4-byte boundary)."""
i = start
while i + 4 <= len(data):
if data[i:i+4] == tag:
return i
i += 4
# Fall back to unaligned search
pos = data.find(tag, start)
if pos < 0:
raise ValueError(f"Tag {tag!r} not found in file")
return pos
def count_laye_entries(data: bytes, laye_off: int) -> int:
"""Count layer entries by scanning until we hit the 'EXTR' sub-section or end of section."""
entry_start = laye_off + LAYE_HDR_SIZE
n = 0
while True:
pos = entry_start + n * ENTRY_STRIDE
if pos + 4 > len(data):
break
word = data[pos:pos+4]
# Stop if we hit a known sub-tag marker
if word in (b'EXTR', b'MACH', b'Mode', b'HEAD', b'PREV'):
break
# Stop if the f32 at this position is not a plausible exposure time
v = struct.unpack_from('<f', data, pos)[0]
if not (0.0 < v < 1000.0):
break
n += 1
return n
def pack_f32(v: float) -> bytes:
return struct.pack('<f', v)
def pack_u32(v: int) -> bytes:
return struct.pack('<I', v)
def unpack_u32(data: bytes, off: int) -> int:
return struct.unpack_from('<I', data, off)[0]
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Photon Workshop RLE (BW — 2 bytes per run)
# Byte0 [7:4] colour nibble: 0x0=black, 0xF=white
# Byte0 [3:0] + Byte1: run length - 1 (12-bit, max run=4096)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
MAX_RUN = 4096
def encode_rle(pixels: bytes) -> bytes:
out = bytearray()
i, n = 0, len(pixels)
while i < n:
colour = pixels[i]
nibble = 0xF if colour >= 0x80 else 0x0
j = i + 1
while j < n and pixels[j] == colour and (j - i) < MAX_RUN:
j += 1
run = j - i
enc = run - 1
out.append((nibble << 4) | ((enc >> 8) & 0x0F))
out.append(enc & 0xFF)
i = j
return bytes(out)
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Gerber → PIL Image at LCD resolution
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def render_gerber(gbr_path: Path, dpmm: float,
invert: bool, mirror: bool,
pos_mm: tuple | None) -> Image.Image:
try:
from pygerber.gerberx3.api.v2 import (
GerberFile, ColorScheme, PixelFormatEnum, ImageFormatEnum
)
except ImportError:
sys.exit(
"ERROR: pygerber not found.\n"
"Activate the venv: source .venv/bin/activate\n"
"Or install: pip install pygerber Pillow"
)
buf = io.BytesIO()
GerberFile.from_file(str(gbr_path)).parse().render_raster(
buf,
dpmm=int(round(dpmm)),
color_scheme=ColorScheme.DEFAULT_GRAYSCALE,
pixel_format=PixelFormatEnum.RGB,
image_format=ImageFormatEnum.PNG,
)
buf.seek(0)
layer_img = Image.open(buf).convert('L')
cw, ch = layer_img.size
canvas = Image.new('L', (LCD_W_PX, LCD_H_PX), 0)
if pos_mm is not None:
px = max(0, int(round(pos_mm[0] * dpmm)))
py = max(0, int(round(pos_mm[1] * dpmm)))
else:
px = (LCD_W_PX - cw) // 2
py = (LCD_H_PX - ch) // 2
canvas.paste(layer_img, (px, py))
if mirror:
canvas = ImageOps.mirror(canvas)
if invert:
canvas = ImageOps.invert(canvas)
# Hard-binarise to strict 0/255
canvas = canvas.point(lambda v: 255 if v >= 128 else 0)
return canvas
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# pm4n surgery — rewrite with exact format knowledge
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def patch_pm4n(dummy_path: Path, image: Image.Image,
exposure_sec: float, output_path: Path):
raw = bytearray(dummy_path.read_bytes())
# --- encode new RLE ---
new_rle = encode_rle(image.convert('L').tobytes())
new_rle_size = len(new_rle)
# --- locate LAYE section ---
laye_off = find_tag(raw, LAYE_TAG)
n_entries = count_laye_entries(raw, laye_off)
print(f" LAYE at 0x{laye_off:06X}, {n_entries} layer entries")
# Read composite image offset and original block size
composite_off = unpack_u32(raw, laye_off + 0x14)
old_block_size = unpack_u32(raw, laye_off + 0x18)
print(f" Image blocks: first=0x{composite_off:06X}, old_size={old_block_size}, new_size={new_rle_size}")
# --- Read all existing image offsets from LAYE entries ---
# Block 0 is the composite (at composite_off), blocks 1..N from entries
old_offsets = [composite_off]
for i in range(n_entries):
entry_base = laye_off + LAYE_HDR_SIZE + i * ENTRY_STRIDE
old_offsets.append(unpack_u32(raw, entry_base + 0x18))
# All blocks should be contiguous and equal-sized; verify
expected = composite_off
for i, off in enumerate(old_offsets):
if off != expected:
print(f" WARNING: block {i} offset 0x{off:06X} != expected 0x{expected:06X}")
expected = off + old_block_size
# --- Patch exposure time in all LAYE entries ---
for i in range(n_entries):
entry_base = laye_off + LAYE_HDR_SIZE + i * ENTRY_STRIDE
struct.pack_into('<f', raw, entry_base + 0x04, exposure_sec)
print(f" Patched exposure to {exposure_sec}s in {n_entries} entries")
# --- Build new image data section ---
# All N+1 blocks (composite + N layers) get the SAME new RLE
# (single-layer exposure: every layer shows the same image)
n_blocks = n_entries + 1
new_image_section = new_rle * n_blocks
# --- Reconstruct file ---
# Everything before the first image block stays unchanged
prefix = bytes(raw[:composite_off])
# --- Update LAYE: block size field ---
struct.pack_into('<I', raw, laye_off + 0x18, new_rle_size)
# --- Update Mode section: first_image_size field ---
# Mode sub-header: tag 'Mode' + u32(108) + ... + 'SUBIMGS' + ...
# first_image_size is at Mode_off + 0x48
mode_off = find_tag(raw, MODE_TAG)
struct.pack_into('<I', raw, mode_off + 0x48, new_rle_size)
print(f" Mode at 0x{mode_off:06X}, patched first_image_size")
# --- Update LAYE entries: image offsets and sizes ---
new_composite_off = composite_off # composite block stays at same position
for i in range(n_entries):
entry_base = laye_off + LAYE_HDR_SIZE + i * ENTRY_STRIDE
new_layer_off = composite_off + (i + 1) * new_rle_size
struct.pack_into('<I', raw, entry_base + 0x18, new_layer_off)
struct.pack_into('<I', raw, entry_base + 0x1C, new_rle_size)
# --- Splice new image data ---
old_images_end = composite_off + n_blocks * old_block_size
raw[composite_off:old_images_end] = new_image_section
output_path.write_bytes(raw)
print(f" Written: {output_path} ({len(raw):,} bytes)")
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# CLI
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
def parse_args():
p = argparse.ArgumentParser(
description='Convert Gerber → Anycubic Photon Mono 4 .pm4n PCB exposure file',
)
p.add_argument('dummy', help='Dummy .pm4n template (from Photon Workshop)')
p.add_argument('gerber', help='Input Gerber file')
p.add_argument('-o', '--output', default=None)
p.add_argument('--invert', action='store_true', help='Invert image (positive-working resist)')
p.add_argument('--mirror', action='store_true', help='Mirror X (copper-side-down placement)')
p.add_argument('--exposure', type=float, default=60.0, help='Exposure seconds (default: 60)')
p.add_argument('--dpmm', type=float, default=NATIVE_DPMM)
p.add_argument('--pos', default=None, help='Board X,Y mm from top-left')
return p.parse_args()
def main():
args = parse_args()
dummy = Path(args.dummy)
gbr = Path(args.gerber)
for p, label in [(dummy, 'dummy'), (gbr, 'gerber')]:
if not p.exists():
sys.exit(f"ERROR: {label} file not found: {p}")
out = Path(args.output) if args.output else gbr.with_suffix('.pm4n')
pos_mm = None
if args.pos:
try:
x, y = map(float, args.pos.split(','))
pos_mm = (x, y)
except Exception:
sys.exit("ERROR: --pos must be X,Y e.g. --pos 10.5,8.0")
print(f"Gerber: {gbr}")
print(f"Dummy: {dummy}")
print(f"Output: {out}")
print(f"Invert: {args.invert} Mirror: {args.mirror} Exposure: {args.exposure}s dpmm: {args.dpmm:.3f}")
print()
print("Rendering Gerber...")
img = render_gerber(gbr, dpmm=args.dpmm, invert=args.invert,
mirror=args.mirror, pos_mm=pos_mm)
print(f"Canvas: {img.size[0]}×{img.size[1]} px")
preview = out.with_suffix('.preview.png')
img.resize((img.size[0] // 4, img.size[1] // 4), Image.NEAREST).save(preview)
print(f"Preview: {preview}")
print()
print("Patching .pm4n...")
patch_pm4n(dummy, img, args.exposure, out)
print("Done.")
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()